Tunnel lining



Nov. 27, 1934.

Feb. 1, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 27, 1934. J. KAHN TUNNEL LINING I Filed Feb. 1, 1932 s Sheets-Sheet 2 S MAI J. KAHN TUNNEL LINING Nov. 27, 1934.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 mN m Patented Nov. 27, 1934 1,982,307 TUNNEL DINING Julius Kahn, Youngstown, Ohio, assignor to 'lruscon Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio, a corporation of Michigan Application February 1,

11 Claims.

The ordinary form of tunnel liner plates have flanges on all four sides. As is well known these plates are arranged-in rows end to end, the end flanges of adjacent plates being abutted and bolted together, and in like manner the side flanges of the plates of-adjacent rows being disposed alongside one another and bolted or otherwise fastened together. Inthe formation of these plates, and particularly when they are made of plate metal, the bending at the corners to produce the flanges causes a deformation of the metal and rounded edges. The consequence is that the abutting end flanges take the compression stresses whichare transmitted through the rounded edges or corners. Stresses are thus created at the bends where there is a certain inherent weakness, effecting in case of a serious overlap a further bending action which may lead later to rupture.

The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel lining plate and structure-in which the end edges of the body wall of the plate are alined and preferably abutted, so that the compression stress is directly through the plates and does not have to pass, "so' to speak, around corners, thereby eliminating the above objectionable features and insuring a structure that is extremely rigid and stress-resistant;

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a portion of a tunnel lining constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same.

Figure 3 is an inside elevation on an enlarged scale of an assemblage ofthe sections or members.

Figure 4 is a sectional view.on the line 4-4 of Figure 3 and on an enlarged scale.

Figure 5 is a sectional'viewon the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a detail sectional view on the line 6-6 of Figure 3.

Figure '7 is a detail sectional view of co-acting ends of two of the plate members or sections separated.

Figure .8 is a view in elevation of one of the plate sections or members.

Figure 9 is an end view of the same.

The tunnel lining as an entity is made up as usual of plate sections or members 10 arranged in the embodiment disclosed in Figures 1 and 2 in circumferential rows with the end joints of each row staggered with relation to those of the other. Each plate section or member is a- 5-5 Jdeformed metal plate of relatively heavy gauge,

1932, Serial No. 590,247

and includes an arcuate body wall 11 having side flanges 12, but having its ends unflanged, so that its end edges 13 are in the plane of the body of the wall.

Carried by one end of the body wall 11 is an intermediate tongue 14 having a width less than the length of the edge beyond which it projects. This tongue is secured to the inner side of the body wall by any suitable means, as welding indicated at 15. The tongue preferably has its projecting portion curved inwardly with respect to the general curvature of the body wall. Carried by the other end of the body wall are spaced tongues 16 located adjacent to the corners of the body wall and spaced apart a distance slightly greater than the width of the tongue '14. These tongues 16 are likewise secured, as by welding at 1'7, to the inner side of the wall and consequently out of line with the end edge 13 beyond which they project.

Secured to the inner sides of the side flanges 12 and preferably adjacent to their inner free edges and longitudinally thereof are channeled keepers 18 which are U-shaped in cross section and may be permanently attached. by welding, indicated at 19. The rear ends of these keepers are preferably squared, while their front ends are tapered, as shown at 20, the tapered ends projecting beyond the ends of the side flanges 12, and those at one end having their tapers reversed with respect to those of the other end. The rear edges of one set of these keepers may be notched, as shown at 21.

In assembling a set of these plate sections or members the end edges of the body walls, as will be evident by reference to Figures 4; and 5, are abutted and the central tongue of one bridges the joint and laps the end of the other, while the spaced tongues of said other in like manner cross the joint and lap the end of the adjacent body wall. The sections are thus held not only in abutted relation, but against any lateral displacement. It will also be noted that the projecting ends of the channeled keepers likewise interlock, as will be clear by reference to. Figure 4. The plates or members of each row are secured end to end by tie bolts 22 that are placed in the associated interfitted keepers, the heads 23of each bolt abutting a washer 24 that rests against the rear end of one of the keepers, and said washer having lugs 25 that engage in the notches 21. On the other end of each bolt is the usual nut 26 threaded on the bolt and preferably bearing against a washer 27 engaged with the rear end of the adjacent keeper.

With this structure, and as will be particularly evident by reference to Figure 4, the ends of the body walls are alined and abutted so that the compression stresses are immediately and directly within the planes of said body walls at the joints between them and throughout the widths of said walls. The parts are effectively maintained in this relation,. and at the same t'me the side flang'esare also abutted' and directly take the compression stresses that may be brought upon them. It will be understood that the side flanges of one row are boltedor otherwise secured to the side flanges of the adjacent rows in the usual manner, as shown at 28 in Figure 3. A peculiarly strong structure for tunnel lining and like purposes is thus'produced.

.From the foregoing, it is thought that the construction, operation and many advantages of the herein described invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without further description and it w'llbe understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from-the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

What I claim, is:

1. A tunnel lining plate comprising a body wall having angularly disposed side flanges, and keepers carried by the side flanges for the reception of. long'tudinally disposed tie elements for connecting said side flanges to the side flanges of coacting plates.

2. A tunnel lining plate comprising a body wall having side flanges, and open'sided channeled keepers located long tudinally on the inner sides of the side flanges to permit the lat- 4. A tunnel lin ng plate comprisinga body wall having flanged sides and unflanged ends, the edges of said ends being adapted to abut corresponding edges of coacting plates, tongues projecting from the ends of the plates out of line with the edges and the tongue at one end being disaligned with the tongue at the other end, and bolt-receiving clips carried by the side flanges.

5. A tunnel lining comprising plate sections having side flanges and unflanged ends, the end edges of adjacentplates being alined, and tie bolts disposed longitudinally of the side flanges and having mountings on said flanges, said tie bolts constituting means for securing the plate sections end to end.

6. A, tunnel lining comprising plate sections having side flanges and unflanged ends, the end edges of adjacent plates being alined, keepers carried by the side flanges, and tie bolts engaged in the keepers and securing the plate sections end to end.

7. A tunnel lining comprising rows of plate sections, said sections comprising body walls having flanged sides and unflanged ends, the ends of the plate sections in a row being abutted, and tie bolts having mountings on said flanges and connecting the side flanges of adjacent plate sections and securing the ends in abutted relation.

8. A tunnel lining comprising rows of plate sections, said sections comprising body walls having flanged sides and unflanged ends, the ends of the plate sections in a'row being abutted, tongues projecting from the body walls on the inner sides of the end edges and lapping the ends of adja cent plate sections, keepers on the inner sides of the side flanges, and tie bolts engaged in the keepers of adjacent sections and tying said sections together.

9. A tunnel lining plate comprising a curved body wall having unflanged ends to permit the end edges of said wall abutting the edges of coacting walls and directly receiving the compression stresses thereof, and a curved tongue projecting longitudinally from one of the ends and adapted to lap the end of an adjacent plate to eifect their alignment and allow the abutment of the edges to cause the latter to solely receive the compression strains due to the over burden.

10. A tunnel lining plate comprising-a body wall having unflanged ends to. permit the end edges of said wall abutting the edges of coacting walls and directly receiving the compression stresses thereof, and tongues projecting. longitudinally from the opposite ends of the plate and adapted to lap the ends of coacting adjacent plates and crosslap the joint between the plates to effect the aligned abutment of the ends of said plates and cause the longitudinal compression stresses due to the over burden to act solely on the unflanged end edges.

11. A tunnel lining comprising plate sections having body walls consisting of unflanged and edges that are aimed and abut to receive the compression'stressesof the plates, said body walls having projecting tongues out of line with the end edges and with each other, the tongues 'of one plate lapping the walls of adjacent plates and bridging the joints between them and allowing the complete abutment of the end edges to cause the same to receive the compression strains on said plates due to the over burden.

JULIUS KAHN. 

